Mitengo yechip inotemwa, uye machipisi anononoka kutengesa.Inzwi rinoita serisinganzwisisike rakashevedzwa nevanhu vasingaverengeki kubva muhafu yekutanga yegore rino.Muhafu yekutanga ya2022, nekuda kwekushomeka kwemusika wemagetsi evatengi, indasitiri yechip yakambounza kudzikiswa kwemitengo.Muchikamu chechipiri chegore, chirongwa chacho chakazvidzokorora.
Munguva ichangopfuura, nhau dzeCCTV dzakashuma kuti sechinhu chikuru chegadziriro yemagetsi, STMicroelectronics chip yaiva imwe yezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro-soro mu 2021. Yakawira kumativi e600 yuan, kudonha kwe80%.
Sezvineiwo, mutengo weimwe chip gore rapfuura wakasiyana zvakapetwa kagumi kubva gore rino.Mutengo wemachipisi unofananidzwa neyenguruve, kukwira nekudonha.Musiyano uripo pakati pemutengo wepamusoro uye wekare wakajairika mutengo wakawedzeredzwa zvakanyanya.Zvinonzi vezvenhau vakashuma kuti STMicroelectronics chip ye600 yuan inongove nemutengo wakajairika wemakumi eyuan muna 2020.
Chip fever inoita seyapfuura.Ko gore rakafukidza tekinoroji yese gore rapfuura rave kuda kuparara here?Sekureva kwaBloomberg, ruzhinji rwemakambani echip parizvino anotenda kuti kuchave nekushanduka kukuru mumusika unopisa kwenguva yakareba iri kuuya, uye vamwe vanototenda nekutenda kuti iyo semiconductor indasitiri ichaunza kuderera kwakanyanya mumakore gumi.
Vashoma vanofara, vashoma vakasuwa, uye mutengo wechip uri kukwira.Pamusoro pekunyarara kweindasitiri, ndinotya kuti kune misika isingaverengeki mucarnival.
Chip pasi, asi kwete zvachose pasi?
Kuwanda kwemitengo yemachip hakuparadzaniswe kubva mukuderera kwekushandiswa kwemagetsi pasi rose.
Zvinogona kuoneka kubva mushumo wezvemari weTSMC uchangoburwa kuti bhizinesi re smartphone, iro raimbotsigira hafu yenyika, harisisiri iro guru rekuwana mari, uye chikamu chebhizinesi iri chinotarisirwa kuramba chichidzikira.Kutumirwa kwemafoni uye maPC hakuna kumbove kwakanaka saNdira kubva kutanga kwegore rino.Zvinoenderana neCINNO Tsvagiridzo data, muhafu yekutanga ya2022, yekuChina smartphone SoC terminal kutakura yaive ingangoita 134 miriyoni, pasi ingangoita 16.9% gore-pa-gore.
Kana iri chikamu chePC, maererano nekambani yekutsvagisa misika yeMercury Research, muchikamu chechipiri chegore rino, kutumirwa kwekombuta yekombuta kwakadonha kusvika padanho rakaderera mumakore anoda kusvika makumi matatu, uye kutakurwa kwese kwakasangana nekuderera kukuru kwegore negore kubvira. 1984. South Korea Smartphone yekutengesa yakawira 29.2% gore negore munaJuly, apo kutengeswa kwekombiyuta uye zvishandiso zvekubatsira zvakawira 21.9%, uye kutumirwa kwememory chips kwakatungamirira kuderera nekuderera kwe13.5%.
Iko kudiwa kwepamusoro kunodzikira, iyo yakadzika inoramba ichicheka maodha, uye mutengo unotonhorera unongoita
Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti machipi aya ane mitengo yakaderedzwa haana chero generalization maitiro ehukama kune yese semiconductor indasitiri.Chipi chakaderera mumutengo here?Pasi penhau dze "slump", kuchine vagadziri vanogadzira maitiro uye kuzivisa kuwedzera kwemutengo.Semuenzaniso, Intel, Qualcomm, Meiman Electronics, Broadcom, nezvimwewo vanoronga kukwidza mitengo yezvimwe zvezvigadzirwa zvavo zvechip.
Kutora Intel semuenzaniso, maererano naNikkei, Intel yakaudza vatengi kuti mutengo wezvigadzirwa zve semiconductor uchawedzera muhafu yechipiri ye 2022. Zvinotarisirwa kuwedzera mutengo wezvakasiyana-siyana zvezvigadzirwa zvakadai semaseva epakati uye kombiyuta CPU processors. uye peripheral chips.Zvichienderana nemhando, iyo yakaderera iri munhamba imwe chete, uye kuwedzera kukuru kunogona kusvika 10% kusvika 20%.
Chipi chiri kukwira here kana kuti kwete?Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti mutengo wevatengi zvemagetsi machipisi wadonha kamwe kamwe nekuda kwekuderera kwekuda, asi kudiwa kweMCU mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekushandisa, dzakadai semotokari uye kutonga kwemaindasitiri, kwatungamira kumitengo yakakwira yemachipi ane hukama.Kubva pakatanga kutumirwa nharembozha dzisina kujairika, ramangwana reindasitiri yechip chip rakanyorwa zvinofadza sekutengesa kunonoka, asi kutaura zvazviri,kushomeka kwechip mune mamwe maindasitiri hakusati kwapera.
Kunyanya kumachipi emotokari, data kubva ku2022 China Nansha International Integrated Circuit Industry Forum inoratidza kuti zvazvino chip zvigadzirwa zvinongogona kusangana ne31% yezvinodiwa zveautomaker paavhareji.Iyo data yakapihwa mumwedzi ndeyekuti GAC yakatarisana nekushomeka kwemakumi matatu nemazana matatu machipisi muchikamu chechipiri.
Indasitiri yesimba idzva iri kufamba zvakanaka, uye kudiwa kwemachipisi mune ramangwana hakufanirwe kurerutswa.Zvinonzi paavhareji mota inoda kushandisa mazana mashanu machipisi, uye mota nyowani dzine simba dzinotakura mamwe machipisi.Gore rakapera, kutengeswa kwemotokari pasi rose kwaisvika 81.05 miriyoni, zvichireva kuti indasitiri yemotokari yese inoda 40.5 bhiriyoni machipisi.
Mukuwedzera, machipisi epamusoro-soro achiri kumusoro pamusoro peatari yemusika.Kune rimwe divi, kudiwa kwemachipisi ane advanced process tekinoroji mune yekumusoro indasitiri cheni hakuna kumbodzika.Zvakambotaurwa kuti TSMC's 3nm chips ichagadzirwa-zhinji munaGunyana, uye Apple ichave mutengi wekutanga kushandisa TSMC's 3nm chips.
Zvinonzi gore rinouya, kusanganisira itsva A17 processor uye M3 akatevedzana processors, Apple ichashandisa TSMC's 3nm.Kune rimwe divi, pane kushomeka kwe-high-process semiconductor zvishandiso, uye kubuda kwe3nm uye 2nm advanced process kunotarisirwa kuve kwakaderera, uye panogona kunge paine gap rekupa regumi% kusvika 20% muna 2024-2025.
Somugumisiro, mutengo wacho unotonyanya kuderera.Zviratidzo zvakasiyana zvinotiudza kuti machipisi ari kudonha imwe mushure meimwe, uye indasitiri iyi iri kure nekuve nyore sezvainoratidzika.
Machipisi evatengi ari kutadza kufarirwa?
Rumwe rutivi rwakafa, uye rumwe rutivi rwakanga rwakabudirira.
Consumer electronics machipisi akapfuura nepakati penguva ine mbiri mumakore maviri apfuura.Nekuderera kwehuwandu hwekushandiswa kwemagetsi, ivo vakapedzisira vadzika kubva paatari.Parizvino, makambani mazhinji echip ari mushishi kushandura bhizinesi ravo, kubva kune mutengi kuenda kune mota uye engineering minda.TSMC yakanyora musika wemotokari sechirongwa chepamberi mumakore mashoma anotevera.Zvinonzi kudivi renyika, bhizinesi remotokari revatambi veMCU vepamba vakaita saZhaoyi Innovation, Zhongying Electronics, uye China Micro Semiconductor riri kuramba richijeka.
Kunyanya, Zhaoyi yekutanga mota-giredhi MCU chigadzirwa chakapinda mutengi sampuli bvunzo nhanho munaKurume, uye inotarisirwa kuwana kugadzirwa kwakawanda gore rino;Zhongying Electronics inonyanya kushandiswa kune iyo body control MCU chikamu, uye inotarisirwa kuburitswa mukati megore.Back;China Microelectronics yakaratidza kutsunga kwayo kugadzira mota-giredhi machipisi mune yayo tarisiro.IPO yayo inoronga kukwidza 729 miriyoni yuan, iyo 283 miriyoni yuan ichashandiswa kumotokari-giredhi chip tsvakiridzo nemapurojekiti ebudiriro.
Izvi zvinonzwisisika.Mushure mezvose, chiyero chenzvimbo yekombuta dzemotokari dzepamba uye kudzora machipisi ari pasi pe1%, chiyero chenzvimbo yemasensa iri pasi pe4%, uye huwandu hwenzvimbo dzemagetsi semiconductors, ndangariro, uye kutaurirana i8%, 8%, uye. 3% zvichiteerana.Kugadzirwa kwemotokari yemagetsi nyowani kuri kuwedzera, uye iyo yese smart ecosystem, kusanganisira kutyaira yakazvimiririra, ichashandisawo akawanda semiconductors mune inotevera nhanho.
Uye zvichave zvakaoma sei kuramba wakanamatira kumachipi evatengi?
Pakutanga, zvakashumwa kuti Samsung yakamisa kutengwa kwese bhizinesi zvikamu zvinosanganisira mapaneru, mbozhanhare uye ndangariro machipisi, uye kunyange vazhinji vekuKorea ndangariro vagadziri vachatora danho rekudzikisa mitengo neanopfuura 5% mukutsinhana kwekutengesa.Nuvoton Technology, iyo inotarisana nevatengi vemagetsi, yakaonawo kuwedzera kwepurofiti inodarika ka5.5 gore rapfuura, iine purofiti yeNT $ 7.27 per share.Muna Kubvumbi naMay gore rino, kuita kwacho kwakava kwakadzikama, nemari yakaderera ne2.18% uye 3.04% zvichiteerana.
Mumwe anogona kunge asingatsananguri zvakanyanya, asi Wind data inoratidza kuti kubva muna Chivabvu 9, 126 makambani semiconductor pasi rese akazivisa mishumo yavo yezvemari kwekota yekutanga ye2022, iyo gumi nematanhatu vakawana kuderera kwegore-pagore mune net purofiti kana. kunyange kurasikirwa.Machipisi evatengi ari kukurumidza kudonha, uye mota nekudzora maindasitiri zvave nzvimbo inotevera yekutsvaga purofiti mumusika wechip.
Asi zvinhu zviri nyore here sezvazvinoita?
Kunyanya kune vamwe vanogadzira machipisi epamba, kutama kubva kumunda wemagetsi wevatengi kuenda kumunda wemotokari kwakatonyanya kudarika izvo zvinogona kusarudzwa nemusika.Chekutanga, machipisi emumba anofanirwa kuve nechepasi, uye nzvimbo yekudyara inomira yekutanga, ichiverengera 27%.Kunyangwe iwe ukatarisa pasirese, musika wepamba zvakare ndiwo musika mukuru wesemiconductor.Dhata inoratidza kuti muna 2021, kutengesa semiconductor mumusika weChina mainland kuchasvika US $ 29.62 bhiriyoni, gore-pa-gore kuwedzera kwe58%.Ndiwo musika mukuru wepasirese semiconductor, unoverengera 28.9% yepasirese semiconductor yekutengesa..
Kechipiri, iyo chip indasitiri pachayo ine yakawanda purofiti muminda yemafoni uye 5G.Kutora TSMC semuenzaniso,
Kutakurwa kweTSMC kunotora makumi manomwe muzana emusika wemotokari weMCU, asi mu2020's data yemari, mupiro wemachipisi emotokari unongoverengera 3.31%.Pakazosvika Q1 2022, TSMC's smartphone uye yakakwira-performance computing minda ichaita 40% uye 41% yemari mambure, zvichiteerana, nepo IoT, mota, DCE, uye vamwe vachizongoita 8%, 5%, 3%, uye 3%. %, zvichiteerana.
Pane kudiwa kushoma, asi purofiti ichiripo, uye idambudziko.Zvichida ichi ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kunetsa mumusika we semiconductor.
Mushure me boom, vatengi carnival?
Kana mutengo wemachipisi uchichinja-chinja, vatengi ndivo vanonyanya kufara.Nharembozha, mota uye midziyo yemumba yatova nzvimbo dzinogara dzichitarisirwa nevatengi mushure mekuderedzwa kwemitengo, kunyanya nharembozha.Pasina nguva mushure mekudonha kwemutengo wechip, vamwe vanhu vakashevedzera pasocial platforms kuti vatenge nharembozha kuita mari muhafu yechipiri yegore rino.
Pakarepo mushure meizvozvo, mutengo wesimba idzva, mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, mutengo wemidziyo yemumba… uye zvichingodaro zvakauya chimwe mushure mechimwe.Nekudaro, hapana maitiro akajeka ekuti kuchave nekudzikiswa kwemitengo kunoenderana muketani yechigadzirwa, asi kutaura chokwadi, iyi wave yekuderedzwa kwemitengo yechip haizokonzeredzi kudzikiswa kwemitengo mumusika wevatengi.
Ngatitangei kutarisa kune inonyanya kupesvedzera nharembozha ndima.Mumakore achangopfuura, vagadziri venharembozha vanga vachikwidza mitengo isingamire.Iyo yakaderera-yekupedzisira yakanyarara, iyo yepamusoro-yekupedzisira inoputika, uye mukana wekudzikisa mutengo kwechinguva wakaderera.Uye zvakare, iyo purofiti yakakura yevagadziri vemafoni epamba yanga isati yakwira.Pakutanga, paHuawei Developer Conference, Yang Haisong, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wedhipatimendi reHuawei bhizinesi revatengi, akataura kuti purofiti yevagadziri venharembozha yeChinese haina kunaka, uye chikamu chemusika wenharembozha chinodarika hafu, asi chingangoita gumi chete.purofiti.
Uye zvakare, machipisi akadonha zvechokwadi, asi mitengo yezvimwe zvinhu haina hunhu, senge ma sensors uye skrini.Mamodheru emhando yepamusoro ari kuramba achiwedzera, uye vagadziri venharembozha vane zvakasikwa zvakanyanya kuomesesa zvinodiwa pane yekugovera.Zvinonzi OPPO, Xiaomi Yakamboita yakasarudzika masensa kune Sony uye Samsung.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, mutengo wenharembozha hauwedzere, icho chikomborero kune vatengi.
Tichitarisa simba idzva, machipisi makuru akadzikisa mitengo panguva ino haasi mumunda wekugadzira mota.Uyezve, muhafu yekutanga yegore, kuwedzera kwemutengo kwemagetsi matsva ekugadzira motokari kwave kusina kutenderera, uye yakasimuka zvakare uye zvakare.Zvikonzero zviri shure kwayo hazvisi zvese zvinokonzerwa nemachipisi.njodzi.Mitengo yezvinhu zvakawanda iri kukwira, uye mitengo yenickel, simbi, nealuminium, kusanganisira maelectrode akanaka uye asina kunaka, iri kungokwira nekudzika, uye mutengo wemabhatiri unoramba uchikwira.Zviripachena, izvi zvinhu hazvigone kupihwa mhosva pamachipisi chete.
Ehe, hazvigoneke kuona chip ichidzokororwa mumotokari yekugadzira denderedzwa.Kubva gore rino, mitengo ye LED mwenje-emitting machipisi uye mutyairi machipisi yadzikira ne30% -40%, izvo pasina mubvunzo zvinozoita rimwe basa mukuvharira mutengo unotevera wevaridzi vemotokari..
Pamusoro pemafoni emafoni, machipisi evatengi ane simba guru pamidziyo yakangwara yemumba senge maair conditioner nemafiriji.Iko kudiwa kweMCUs kune matatu makuru zvinhu zvichena muChina hakuna kuderera, kubva pa570 miriyoni muna 2017 kusvika kune anopfuura 700 miriyoni muna 2022, iyo Chiedza air conditioning MCU inodarika 60%.
Nekudaro, machipisi anoshandiswa mumunda wakangwara wemba anonyanya kudzika-ekupedzisira machipisi ane kumashure ekugadzira maitiro, ayo anopokana zvakanyanya nemaitiro ekugadzira epamberi senge 3nm uye 7nm, ayo anowanzo akakwira kupfuura 28nm kana 45nm.Iwe unoziva, aya machipi haana kukwira mumutengo weyuniti nekuda kweyawo yakaderera tekinoroji zvemukati uye yakafara application.
Kune makambani emidziyo yemumba, tekinoroji yakaderera zvinoreva kuti vanogona kutokwanisa kuzviriritira.Muna 2017, dhipatimendi reGree microelectronics rakavambwa;mu2018, Konka akazivisa kugadzwa kwepamutemo kweiyo semiconductor tekinoroji division;mu2018, Midea yakazivisa kupinda kwayo mukugadzira chip uye yakamisa Meiren Semiconductor Company.Muna Ndira 2021, Meiken Semiconductor Technology Co., Ltd.Parizvino, huwandu hwegore hwekugadzira huwandu hweMCU machipisi hunosvika mamirioni gumi.
Zvinoenderana nehuwandu husina kukwana, makambani mazhinji emidziyo yemumba, anosanganisira TCL, Konka, Skyworth, uye Haier, akatoiswa mumunda wesemiconductor.Mune mamwe mazwi, iyi ndima haina kurambidzwa nemachipisi zvachose.
Pasi, kana kuti kwete pasi?Iyi chip mutengo yakatemwa yakafanana nepfuti yenhema, uye vagadziri vekumusoro kwemvura havasi kufara panguva ino, ndoda vatengi.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-23-2022